Definition and
purposes of Explanation
Explanation is a text
which tells processes relating to forming of natural, social, scientific and
cultural phenomena. Explanation text is to say ‘why’ and ‘how’ of the forming
of the phenomena. It is often found in science, geography and history text
books.
Generic structure of Explanation
·
General statement : stating the
phenomenon issues which are to be explained.
·
Sequenced explanation : stating a series
of steps which explain the phenomena.
Language Feature
·
Featuring generic participant; sun,
rain, etc
·
Using chronological connection; to begin
with, next, etc
·
Using passive voice pattern
·
Using simple present tense
Example of Explanation Text
Making Paper from Woodchips
Woodchipping
is a process used to obtain pulp and paper products from forest trees. The
woodchipping process begins when the trees are cut down in a selected area of
the forest called a coupe.
Next
the tops and branches of the trees are cut out and then the logs are taken to
the mill. At the mill the bark of the logs is removed and the logs are taken to
a chipper which cuts them into small pieces called woodchips. The woodchips are
then screened to remove dirt and other impurities. At this stage they are
either exported in this form or changed into pulp by chemicals and heat. The
pulp is then bleached and the water content is removed.
Generic Structure
General statement :
Woodchipping
is a process used to obtain pulp and paper products from forest trees. The
woodchipping process begins when the trees are cut down in a selected area of
the forest called a coupe.
Squence of explanation :
Next the tops and
branches of the trees are cut out and then the logs are taken to the mill. At
the mill the bark of the logs is removed and the logs are taken to a chipper
which cuts them into small pieces called woodchips. The woodchips are then
screened to remove dirt and other impurities. At this stage they are either
exported in this form or changed into pulp by chemicals and heat. The pulp is
then bleached and the water content is removed.
Closing : Finally the pulp is
rolled out to make paper.
EXERCISE !!
Read the text bellow to answer
questions number 1-4
The
Sense of Taste
The
sense of taste is one of a person's five senses. We taste with the help of
taste-buds in the tongue. There are four main kinds of taste: sweet, sour,
salty, and bitter. All other tastes are just mixtures of two or more of these
main types.
The
surface of the tongue has more than fifteen thousand taste-buds (or cells).
These are connected to the brain by special nerves which send the so-called
'tastes messages. When the tongue comes into contact with food of any kind, the
taste-buds will pick up the taste. The nerves then send a message to the brain.
This will make us aware of the taste. All this happens in just a few seconds. There
are four kinds of taste-buds, each of which is sensitive to only a particular
taste. These four groups are located in different parts of the tongue.
The
taste-buds for salty and sweet tastes are found round the tip of the tongue and
along its sides. Sour tastes can be picked up only at the sides of the tongue.
The taste-buds of the bitter taste are found at the innermost edge of the
tongue. There are taste-buds at the centre of the tongue.
The
senses of smell and sight can affect taste. The good smell of food increases
its taste. Similarly, attractive colours can make food appear tastier and more
delicious. If food does not smell good or is dull-coloured, it will look tasty
and may not taste good at all. Very hot or cold sensations can make the
taste-buds insensitive. Food that is too hot or too cold, when placed in the
mouth, will have no tastes at all.
1. We can taste any kind of food because of
........
A. the good smell of food
B. the four main
kinds of taste
C. the
taste-buds in the tongue
D. the senses of
smell and sight
E. the
taste-buds round the tip of the tongue
2. When we eat very hot or cold food ........
A. the food will
lose its taste
B. the food
won't smell good
C. the taste of
the food increases
D. the
taste-buds will be sensitive
E. the
taste-buds will be very, responsive
3. The senses of smell and sight ........
A. increase the
taste of the food
B. affect the
taste of the food
C. make food
more delicious
D. make the food
look good
E. make the food
attractive
4. The purpose of the text is ........
A. to explain
how we can taste any food in the mouth
B. to give a
report about the sense of taste
C. to inform how
important the tongue is
D. to describe
the use of the tongue
E. to tell the
taste of the food
Read the text bellow to answer the
question number 5-10
All
planes need air to presure under their wings to stay up in the air. As they
move forward. The higher air pressure underneath their wings pushes them upward
and gives them lift.
The
smooth, streamlined shape of the plane allows the air to flows easily over its
surface. This helps to reduce the drag caused by the air pushing against the
plane and allows it to move rapidly through the air.
Planes
move forward using engines. This movement is called thrust. Moving forward
keeps a stream of moving air passing over the wings. If the engines fail,
theplanes will begin to descend very quickly. The air above the wing moves
faster, so it is at a lower pressure than the air under the wing. The air under
the wing moves more slowly and is slightly squashed, so it is at a higher
pressure than the air above the wing.
5.
What does the text describe?
A. How the wings
of a plane work
B. How the plane
move forward
C. How the plane
is made
D. The engine of
a plane
E. How the wings
of a plane work
6.
The planes stay up in the air when..
A. A stream of
moving air passes over their wings
B. There is air
pressure under their wings
C. The wings
move forward
D. The engines
move faster
E. The engines
fail
7.
What is the use of air pressure under the plane wings?
A. To go down
B. To keep
moving
C.To squash the
wings
D.To stay up in
the air
E.To reduce
their weights
8.
Movement planes forward using engines is called..
A.
Trust D. Thrust
B.
Thursty E. Streaming
C.
Squash
9.
To tell the readers, writer using..
A. Past tenses D. Present tense
B. Perfect
tenses E. Continous
tense
C. Past perfect
10.
What is the purpose of the text..
A. To persuade
the reader about something
B. To explain
how planes stay up in the air
C. To describe
about planes
D. To entertain
the readers
E.To tell past
event
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