Definition and purposes of Explanation ~ gasaksayang.blogspot.com

Rabu, 18 Juni 2014

Definition and purposes of Explanation

10.36

Unknown

Definition and purposes of Explanation

Explanation is a text which tells processes relating to forming of natural, social, scientific and cultural phenomena. Explanation text is to say ‘why’ and ‘how’ of the forming of the phenomena. It is often found in science, geography and history text books.

Generic structure of Explanation

· General statement : stating the phenomenon issues which are to be explained.

· Sequenced explanation : stating a series of steps which explain the phenomena.

Language Feature

· Featuring generic participant; sun, rain, etc

· Using chronological connection; to begin with, next, etc

· Using passive voice pattern

· Using simple present tense

Example of Explanation Text

Making Paper from Woodchips

Woodchipping is a process used to obtain pulp and paper products from forest trees. The woodchipping process begins when the trees are cut down in a selected area of the forest called a coupe.

Next the tops and branches of the trees are cut out and then the logs are taken to the mill. At the mill the bark of the logs is removed and the logs are taken to a chipper which cuts them into small pieces called woodchips. The woodchips are then screened to remove dirt and other impurities. At this stage they are either exported in this form or changed into pulp by chemicals and heat. The pulp is then bleached and the water content is removed.

Generic Structure

General statement :

Woodchipping is a process used to obtain pulp and paper products from forest trees. The woodchipping process begins when the trees are cut down in a selected area of the forest called a coupe.

Squence of explanation :

Next the tops and branches of the trees are cut out and then the logs are taken to the mill. At the mill the bark of the logs is removed and the logs are taken to a chipper which cuts them into small pieces called woodchips. The woodchips are then screened to remove dirt and other impurities. At this stage they are either exported in this form or changed into pulp by chemicals and heat. The pulp is then bleached and the water content is removed.

Closing : Finally the pulp is rolled out to make paper.

EXERCISE !!

Read the text bellow to answer questions number 1-4

The Sense of Taste

The sense of taste is one of a person's five senses. We taste with the help of taste-buds in the tongue. There are four main kinds of taste: sweet, sour, salty, and bitter. All other tastes are just mixtures of two or more of these main types.

The surface of the tongue has more than fifteen thousand taste-buds (or cells). These are connected to the brain by special nerves which send the so-called 'tastes messages. When the tongue comes into contact with food of any kind, the taste-buds will pick up the taste. The nerves then send a message to the brain. This will make us aware of the taste. All this happens in just a few seconds. There are four kinds of taste-buds, each of which is sensitive to only a particular taste. These four groups are located in different parts of the tongue.

The taste-buds for salty and sweet tastes are found round the tip of the tongue and along its sides. Sour tastes can be picked up only at the sides of the tongue. The taste-buds of the bitter taste are found at the innermost edge of the tongue. There are taste-buds at the centre of the tongue.

The senses of smell and sight can affect taste. The good smell of food increases its taste. Similarly, attractive colours can make food appear tastier and more delicious. If food does not smell good or is dull-coloured, it will look tasty and may not taste good at all. Very hot or cold sensations can make the taste-buds insensitive. Food that is too hot or too cold, when placed in the mouth, will have no tastes at all.

1. We can taste any kind of food because of ........

A. the good smell of food

B. the four main kinds of taste

C. the taste-buds in the tongue

D. the senses of smell and sight

E. the taste-buds round the tip of the tongue

2. When we eat very hot or cold food ........

A. the food will lose its taste

B. the food won't smell good

C. the taste of the food increases

D. the taste-buds will be sensitive

E. the taste-buds will be very, responsive

3. The senses of smell and sight ........

A. increase the taste of the food

B. affect the taste of the food

C. make food more delicious

D. make the food look good

E. make the food attractive

4. The purpose of the text is ........

A. to explain how we can taste any food in the mouth

B. to give a report about the sense of taste

C. to inform how important the tongue is

D. to describe the use of the tongue

E. to tell the taste of the food

Read the text bellow to answer the question number 5-10

All planes need air to presure under their wings to stay up in the air. As they move forward. The higher air pressure underneath their wings pushes them upward and gives them lift.

The smooth, streamlined shape of the plane allows the air to flows easily over its surface. This helps to reduce the drag caused by the air pushing against the plane and allows it to move rapidly through the air.

Planes move forward using engines. This movement is called thrust. Moving forward keeps a stream of moving air passing over the wings. If the engines fail, theplanes will begin to descend very quickly. The air above the wing moves faster, so it is at a lower pressure than the air under the wing. The air under the wing moves more slowly and is slightly squashed, so it is at a higher pressure than the air above the wing.

5. What does the text describe?

A. How the wings of a plane work

B. How the plane move forward

C. How the plane is made

D. The engine of a plane

E. How the wings of a plane work

6. The planes stay up in the air when..

A. A stream of moving air passes over their wings

B. There is air pressure under their wings

C. The wings move forward

D. The engines move faster

E. The engines fail